NESEP Archive

Abstract: Ever since the scientific community has identified increasing levels of global warming, the necessity for public education and awareness has become apparent. While individual efforts to mitigate climate change may seem fruitless, they are a crucial parameter to measure interest in and compassion for the environment, and they prove influential in global carbon emissions and energy usage. Previous research has supported the notion that one’s sustainable behaviors are correlated with one’s knowledge of ecological concerns. The present study administered environmental awareness surveys, in which high school participants’ knowledge was compared to their behaviors. Additionally, optional interviews provided a deeper insight into the perspectives of the causes, impacts, and implications of climate change. The departing survey furthered an exploration of the impact that education has on individuals’ views of climate change. While a causational relationship was not determined between environmental knowledge and behavior, both qualitative and quantitative data collected support a correlation between the two. Implications for future research include investigating the link between knowledge of sustainable behaviors and one’s motivation to engage in sustainable behaviors, as well as the connection between environmental knowledge and eco-anxiety. Ultimately, this research aids the discussion about strengthening environmental education, including education on sustainability practices.

References

1. Barrón, N. G., Gruber, S., & Huffman, G. (2022). Student engagement and environmental awareness: Gen z and ecocomposition. Environmental Humanities, 14(1), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9481528
    

2. Bostrom, A., Hayes, H. L., & Crosman, K. M. (2018). Efficacy, action and support for reducing climate change risks. Risk Analysis, 39(4), 805-828. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13210. 

3. Breen, R. (2021). The evil fashion giant: Shein and the perpetuation of overconsumption. Podcast Perspectives of Environmental Geopolitics. https://opentext.ku.edu/environmentalgeopolitics/chapter/evil-fashion-giant-shein/##renzt ranscript. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. (2022). U.S. emissions. https://www.c2es.org/content/u-s-emissions/. 

4. Costley, D. (2022). Climate change made global summer droughts 20 times more likely. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/climate-change-made-global-summer-droughts-20 -times-more-likely#:~:text=Drought%20that%20stretched%20across%20three,according %20to%20a%20new%20study. 

5. Dempster, G., Sutherland, G. and Keogh, L. (2022). Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations. JCOM, 21(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.21010206. 21 Goldstein, B., 

6. Gounaridis, D., & Newell, J. P. (2020). The carbon footprint of household energy use in the United States. PNAS, 117(32), 19122-19130. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1922205117. 

7. Industrial Revolution. (2022, November 14). HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolution. 

8. King, A. (2022). A climate scientist on the planet’s simultaneous disasters, from Pakistan’s horror floods to Europe’s record drought. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/a-climate-scientist-on-the-planets-simultaneous-disasters-fro m-pakistans-horror-floods-to-europes-record-drought-189626

9.  Lopez, G. (2023). A translation problem. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/21/briefing/climate-report.html. 

10. Lukinović, M., & Jovanović, L. (2019). Greenwashing – fake green/environmental marketing. Fundamental and Applied Researches in Practice of Leading Scientific Schools, 33(3), 15-17. https://doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.3.04. 

11. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Capitalism. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 29, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalism. 

12. Miletli, A. (2023). What is the current status of the ozone layer? European Environment Agency. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissi ons/current-state-of-the-ozone-layer. 

13. Nda, M., Adnan, M. S., Abdullahi Ahmad, K., Usman, N., Razi, M., & Daud, Z. (2018). A review on the causes, effects and mitigation of climate changes on the environmental aspects. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 10(4), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2018.10.04.027. 22 

14. NOAA. (2022, October 26). Antarctic ozone hole slightly smaller in 2022. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/antarctic-ozone-hole-slightly-smaller-in-2022 

15. NOAA. (2022). Earth had its 6th-hottest July and year to date on record. https://www.noaa.gov/news/earth-had-its-6th-hottest-july-and-year-to-date-on-record 

16. Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2020). CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector.f 

17. Shen, M., Huang, W., Chen, M., Song, B. Zeng, G., & Zhang, Y. (2020). (Micro)plastic crisis: Un-ignorable contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120138. 

18. Soares, J., Miguel, I., Venâncio, C., Lopes, I., & Oliveira, M. (2021). Public views on plastic pollution: Knowledge, perceived impacts, and pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of hazardous materials, 412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125227. 

19. Tam, K., Chan, H., & Clayton, S. (2023). Climate change anxiety in China, India, Japan, and the United States. Journal of Environment Psychology, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101991. 

20. UN Environment Programme. (2023, January 9). Ozone layer recovery is on track, helping avoid global warming by 0.5 °C [Press release]. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/ozone-layer-recovery-track-helpingavoid-global-warming-05degc. 

21. UNFCCC. (2016). The Paris agreement. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement. 23 

22. United Nations. (2018, April 20). Do you know all 17 SDGs? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XTBYMfZyrM. 

23. U.S. Energy Information and Administration. (2023). Total energy. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/index.php#environment. 

24. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2022). Sources of greenhouse gas emissions. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions. 

25. Wang, H., Safer, D. L., Cosentino, M., Cooper, R., VanSusteren, L., Coren, E., Nosek, G., Lertzman, R., Sutton, S. (2023, January 23). Coping with Eco-Anxiety: An Interdisciplinary Perspective for Collective Learning and Strategic Communication. The Journal of Climate Change and Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2023.100211.

26.  The World Bank. (2019). How much do our wardrobes cost to the environment? https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/09/23/costo-moda-medio-ambiente#:~: text=Every%20year%20the%20fashion%20industry,needs%20of%20five%20million%2 0people.&text=The%20fashion%20industry%20is%20responsible,flights%20and%20ma ritime%20shipping%20combined.

Abstract: Society has seen a rapid growth of technology and social media use in recent years as traditional newspapers, broadcasters, and magazines have experienced a loss of subscribers and revenue to online news sources. Despite having negative effects on traditional journalists, the recent rise of social media and technology has opened up new possibilities for journalists and even independent individuals. News is now able to circulate through social media platforms and reach users at unprecedented numbers. Writers can spread stories across the globe, extending to distant audiences (Wahl-Jorgensen, 2016). As of late, social media has played an instrumental role in spreading urgent news, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, political updates, and safety precautions. This study examined how social media affects current events knowledge, aiming to identify if there is a correlation between teenagers’ use of social media as a primary news source, daily screen time, social media platforms, and current event knowledge. As well as, a correlation between teenagers’ knowledge of sports news and knowledge of entertainment news. At a local high school on Long Island, New York, seventy-nine students from ninth to twelfth grade were surveyed using an assessment titled Current Events Knowledge Analysis. Data was analyzed using a Chi-Square Test of Independence with one significant finding made: there is a correlation between teenagers’ knowledge of sports news and knowledge of entertainment news. These results will allow news outlets and organizations to better understand and connect with audiences.

References

“#Ian: The Latest Storm Forecasts, Maps, Imagery and More.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 30 Sept. 2022, https://www.noaa.gov/ian. 

Aacap. “Screen Time and Children.” The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb. 2020, https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Watching-TV-054.aspx. 

Anderson, Monica, and Jingjing Jiang. “Teens, Social Media and Technology 2018.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, Pew Research Center, 27 May 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/.

Associated Press. “Gas Prices Fall below $4 a Gallon, in a Positive Sign Inflation Is ...” U.S. News, U.S. News, 8 Aug. 2022, https://www.usnews.com/news/economy/articles/2022-08-09/gas-prices-fall-below-4-a-gallon-in-a-positive-sign-inflation-is-slowing-down. 

The Athletic NBA Staff. “How the Warriors Won the NBA Finals Championship.” The Athletic, 18 June 2022, https://theathletic.com/live-blogs/warriors-celtics-nba-finals-game-6/A9WbFq2bTOlL/. 

Auxier, Brooke, and Monica Anderson. “Social Media Use in 2021.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, Pew Research Center, 31 Jan. 2022, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/. 

Bowd, Kathryn. “Social Media and News Media: Building New Publics ... - JSTOR.” JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.20851/j.ctt1t304qd.13.

Chaudhry, Sameen. “Khloe Kardashian Was 'Not Ready' for Baby #2 & Tristan Thompson Wasn't in the Delivery Room.” Narcity, Narcity, 22 Sept. 2022, https://www.narcity.com/khloe-kardashian-was-not-ready-for-baby-2-tristan-thompson-wasnt-in-the-delivery-room. 

Common Sense Media. “New Survey Reveals Teens Get Their News from Social Media and YouTube.” Common Sense Media, 2019, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/new-survey-reveals-teens-get-their-news-from-social-media-and-youtube.

Duribe, Jazmin. “What Is the Most Liked Video on TikTok? Here Are the Top 10.” PopBuzz, PopBuzz, 23 Nov. 2020, https://www.popbuzz.com/internet/social-media/most-liked-video-tiktok/. 

Feiner, Lauren. “Twitter Shareholders Vote to Approve Elon Musk's Bid to Buy the Company.” CNBC, CNBC, 13 Sept. 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/13/twitter-shareholders-vote-to-approve-elon-musks-bid-to-buy-the-company.html. 

Feeney, John, et al. “The 10 Most-Liked Instagram Posts of All Time.” Prestige Online - Hong Kong, 5 Dec. 2022, https://www.prestigeonline.com/hk/pursuits/most-liked-instagram-posts-of-all-time/. 

Feroz, Hafiz Muhammad Basit, et al. “Examining Multiple Engagements and Their Impact on Students' Knowledge Acquisition: The Moderating Role of Information Overload.” Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, Emerald Publishing Limited, 5 Apr. 2021, https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JARHE-11-2020-0422/full/html https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563214001137.

“Gwi - Audience Insight Tools, Digital Analytics & Consumer Trends.” Global Web Index, Global Web Index, https://www.gwi.com/hubfs/Downloads/Social-H2-2018-report.pdf. 

Jennings, Kent. Political Knowledge over Time and across ... - Jstor.org. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2749689.pdf.

Kabra, Archana. “Top 20 Most-Liked Tweets of All Time.” The Teal Mango, 30 Apr. 2022, https://www.thetealmango.com/featured/top-20-most-liked-tweets-of-all-time/. 

Kimball, Spencer. “New York Ends Mask Requirement for Subways, Buses and Other Mass Transit.” CNBC, CNBC, 7 Sept. 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/07/new-york-ends-mask-mandate-for-subways-buses-and-other-mass-transit.html. 

Larosa, Dominic, et al. “Normalizing Twitter Journalism ... - Conservancy.umn.edu.” Preprint Conservancy, 2012, https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/123293/Normalizing%252520Twitter%252520-%252520Journalism%252520Practice%252520in%252520an%252520Emerging%252520Communication%252520Space.p?sequence=1.

London School of Economics and Political Science. “Social Media Platforms and Demographics.” Divisions, The London School of Economics and Political Science , https://info.lse.ac.uk/Staff/Divisions. 

Lucas, Christopher J, and Charles D Schmitz. “Communications Media and Current-Events ... - Jstor.org.” JSTOR, Kluwer Academic Publishers, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3446763?searchText=charles+d+schmitz+and+christopher+j+lucas&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dcharles%2Bd%2Bschmitz%2Band%2Bchristopher%2Bj%2Blucas&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A589d7ab3e98e88b6bb082d433cc897b8#metadata_info_tab_contents

Madden, Mary, et al. “March 13, 2013 Teens and Technology 2013 - Dr. Sinatra's ...” Pew Research Center, 13 Mar. 2013, https://heartmdinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PIP_TeensandTechnology2013.pdf.

McGrath, Ben. “Powerful Typhoon Nanmadol Tears through Japan.” World Socialist Web Site, World Socialist Web Site, 19 Sept. 2022, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/09/20/psev-s20.html. 

Mitcham, Dionne, et al. “Utilizing Social Media for Information Dispersal during Local Disasters: The Communication Hub Framework for Local Emergency Management.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 14 Oct. 2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535717/. 

Munson, Olivia. “Who Has the Most Followers on Instagram? Cristiano Ronaldo, Kylie Jenner and More.” USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 21 Dec. 2022, https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2022/11/17/who-has-the-most-followers-on-instagram/10264623002/. 

“New Survey Reveals Teens Get Their News from Social Media and YouTube.” Common Sense Media, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/new-survey-reveals-teens-get-their-news-from-social-media-and-youtube.

Neuman, Susan B., and Kathleen Roskos. “HELPING CHILDREN BECOME MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE THROUGH TEXT.” The Reading Teacher, vol. 66, no. 3, 2012, pp. 207–10. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23321280. Accessed 23 Dec. 2022.

“The Order of Succession to the British Throne after Queen Elizabeth II's Death.” E! Online, 19 Sept. 2022, https://www.eonline.com/news/1345556/the-order-of-succession-to-the-british-throne-after-queen-elizabeth-iis-death#:~:text=Here%20is%20a%20full%20breakdown.&text=As%20the%20world%20mourns%20the,at%20the%20age%20of%2096. 

Oxenden, Mckenna. “Package Explodes at Northeastern U. in Boston, Injuring an Employee.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 14 Sept. 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/13/us/northeastern-university-boston-package-detonation.html. 

Palmer, Annie. “Amazon Hikes Pay for Warehouse and Delivery Workers.” CNBC, CNBC, 29 Sept. 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/28/amazon-hikes-pay-for-warehouse-and-delivery-workers.html. 

Pandya, Apurvakumar, and Pragya Lodha. “Social Connectedness, Excessive Screen Time during COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Review of Current Evidence.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 7 July 2021, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fhumd.2021.684137/full.

 Press, The Associated. “Serena Williams Loses to Ajla Tomljanovic in U.S. Open Farewell.” NPR, NPR, 3 Sept. 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120905866/serena-williams-loses-tomljanovic-us-open#:~:text=Serena%20Williams%20loses%20to%20Tomljanovic%20in%20U.S.%20Open%20farewell%20%3A%20NPR&text=Serena%20Williams%20loses%20to%20Tomljanovic%20in%20U.S.%20Open%20farewell%20The,Open%20in%20the%20third%20round. 

Rosenblatt, Gideon. “Twitter Is Not a Social Network - It's an Information Network.” The Vital Edge by Gideon Rosenblatt, 20 Aug. 2014, https://www.the-vital-edge.com/twitter-as-information-network/. 

Rosenblatt, Kalhan. “Addison Rae's Mom, Sheri Easterling, and Rapper Yung Gravy Attend Vmas Together.” NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 29 Aug. 2022, https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/addison-raes-mom-sheri-easterling-rapper-yung-gravy-attend-vmas-togeth-rcna45314. 

Santora, Marc, et al. “As Russians Flee, Some Find Draft Notices Waiting at the Border.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 Sept. 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/27/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-referendums.html. 

Siegel, Rachel. “Tweens, Teens and Screens: The Average Time Kids Spend Watching Online Videos Has Doubled in 4 Years.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 29 Oct. 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/10/29/survey-average-time-young-people-spend-watching-videos-mostly-youtube-has-doubled-since/. 

Seo, Heewon. “Suspicious Death of Mahsa Amini Causes Protests across Iran.” The Organization for World Peace, The Organization for World Peace, 30 Sept. 2022, https://theowp.org/suspicious-death-of-mahsa-amini-causes-protests-across-iran/. 

Service, Purdue News. “Digital Technology Use and Digital Inequality Could Complicate Teens' Lives.” Purdue University News, Purdue University, 26 Feb. 2020, https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2020/Q1/digital-technology-use-and-digital-inequality-could-complicate-teens-lives.html. 

Stimpson, Johnathan. “Cornell Falls One Spot in Annual U.S. News Ranking, Continuing Years-Long Slide.” The Cornell Daily Sun, The Cornell Daily Sun, 14 Sept. 2020, https://cornellsun.com/2020/09/14/cornell-falls-one-spot-in-annual-u-s-news-ranking-continuing-years-long-slide/#:~:text=Cornell%20has%20been%20named%20the,the%20University's%20ranking%20last%20year. 

Stivale, Shelby. “Percy Jackson Moves into Camp Half-Blood in 1st Trailer for Disney+ Series.” Us Weekly, 12 Sept. 2022, https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-tv-series-everything-to-know/. 

Team, CBS New York. “Aaron Judge Hits 61st Home Run, Ties Roger Maris' American League Record.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 30 Sept. 2022, https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/aaron-judge-roger-maris-home-run-record/. 

Thompson-Powell, Ava. “Top 20 Most Followed TikTok Accounts: Charli D'Amelio, Addison Rae, More.” Dexerto, Dexerto, 17 Dec. 2022, https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/top-20-most-followed-tiktok-accounts-loren-gray-charli-damelio-more-1326252/. 

Totenberg, Nina, and Sarah McCammon. “Supreme Court Overturns Roe v. Wade, Ending Right to Abortion Upheld for Decades.” NPR, NPR, 24 June 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn. 

 Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin, et al. “The Future of Journalism - Tandfonline.com.” Journalism Studies, 5 Sept. 2016, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1199486.

Walker, Mason, and Katerina Eva Matsa. “News Consumption across Social Media in 2021.” Pew Research Center's Journalism Project, Pew Research Center, 20 Sept. 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2021/09/20/news-consumption-across-social-media-in-2021/. 

Whitmore, Evonne H, and Drew Tiene. (PDF) Viewing Channel One: Awareness of Current Events by ... 1994, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350789632_Viewing_Channel_One_Awareness_of_Current_Events_by_Teenagers.

Abstract: The responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied significantly across different political systems. Numerous factors may be attributable to the differing rates of infection rates across various countries such as availability of universal healthcare and reliance on public transportation. In fact, the political system of a particular country may determine how that country has addressed the pandemic and thereby affect that country’s infection rates. This paper will compare the political systems, pandemic responses and infection rates of countries. First, each country’s political systems will be briefly described. Next, the two countries’ respective infection rates and pandemic responses will be compared. 
As part of my analysis, I will examine how the US political system may have resulted in more effective or less effective pandemic strategies. Finally, drawing from the strategies used by other countries, two specific suggestions for improving the U.S.’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic will be considered. In a vast country like the US, the best way to mitigate the crisis is to handle it region-by-region due to the vast disparity in economy and population state-by-state rather than governmental intervention. Compared to other countries, the United States is more decentralized and naturally, states have gotten more power regarding laws and quarantines during this crisis (Dziobek, 2010). That being said, although the countries of the world have indeed done much to quarantine the crisis, states must keep control of individual laws (Dziobek, 2010). Specifically, states like California, Florida, Texas, New York and Georgia have the worst second wave of cases in the country. Since the virus is affecting states in different ways than ever imagined, state governments should be moderating the virus based on their situation rather than national lockdowns like in other countries. With five states accounting for more than 40% of all COVID-19 cases, this solution shows much promise for specifically this country.

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence — United States, February 12–April 7, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e4.htm#:~:text=Community%20transmission%20of%20COVID%2D,of%20COVID%2D19.
   Cirillo, P., Taleb, N.N. Tail risk of contagious diseases. Nat. Phys. 16, 606–613 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0921-x.

2. Ding, Lei, and Alvaro Sanchez. “COVID-19 and the Philadelphia Fed.” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Apr. 2020, philadelphiafed.org/covid-19/covid-19-equity-in-recovery/what-small-businesses-will-be-impacted. 

3. Dziobek, Claudia, et al. “Measuring Fiscal Decentralization – Exploring the IMF’s Databases.” International Monetary Fund, International Monetary Fund, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp11126.pdf.

4. Eckfeldt, Bruce. “Key Questions to Guide Your Post-Pandemic Plan.” Inc.com, Mansueto Ventures, 25 Apr. 2020, www.inc.com/bruce-eckfeldt/key-questions-to-guide-your-post-pandemic-plan.html. 

5. Fox, Michelle. “How These Small Businesses Are Surviving during the Coronavirus Pandemic.” CNBC, CNBC, 9 Aug. 2020, www.cnbc.com/2020/08/08/coronavirus-how-these-small-businesses-are-surviving-the-pandemic.html. 

6. Jiang, I. (2020). Here's the difference between an 'essential' business and a 'nonessential' business as more than 30 states have imposed restrictions. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-nonessential-business-essential-business-coronavirus-2020-3

7. Lexis Nexus. (2020). Economic Risk—What Is It and How to Effectively Manage It. Retrieved from https://www.lexisnexis.com/en-us/products/entity-insight/economic-risk.page#:~:text=%E2%80%B9%20%E2%80%BA,that%20may%20adversely%20affect%20profits.

8. Maxouris, Christina. “US Tops 5 Million Covid-19 Cases, with Five States Making up More than 40% of Tally.” CNN, Cable News Network, 9 Aug. 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/08/09/health/us-coronavirus-sunday/index.html. 

Abstract: Korean shamanism is a traditional spiritual practice in Korea that has its roots in ancient shamanistic rituals originating in Siberia that has been altered over time to align with Korea’s cultural beliefs and values. Shamanism had played a vital role in Korean society throughout its history but faced growing criticism during the Joseon period when it conflicted with Confucianist and Christian tenets. Moreover, shamanism was viewed as "unmodern" and irrational throughout the Japanese colonial period and even during the early decades of Korea's independence. Notwithstanding the public display of certain government-sanctioned rituals in an effort to uphold the country's cultural heritage, many shamans in today’s society have resorted to conducting more private rituals oftentimes conducted in secrecy. Nevertheless, Korean shamanism has endured and arguably has experienced a resurgence in recent years, even in the midst of the country's widespread urbanization and global diaspora of Koreans. 

This paper attempts to consider some historical and contemporary issues around Korean shamanism, including the role of mudangs in preserving Korea's cultural heritage as well as guiding and healing individuals spiritually. Additionally, concerns about the commercialization of shamanic practices and the appropriation of shamanic symbols and rituals in contemporary popular culture are analyzed. Overall, Korean shamanism has been effective in adapting syncretically to remain an important part of Korea's cultural heritage and identity, and its practitioners and supporters continue to advocate for its recognition and preservation within Korea and beyond through the Korean diaspora for both emotional support and spiritual guidance.

Keywords: Shamanism, syncretism, mudang, spiritual practices, neo-shamanism, kut, divination

References

1. Baker, D. L. (2010). Shamans in Today’s Korea. Education About Asia. Volume 15:1.

2. Brooksbank, T. (2018, April 25). My Experience With a Korean Fortune Teller. Annenberg Media. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.uscannenbergmedia.com/2018/04/25/my-experience-with-a-korean-fortune-teller/.

3. Choe, S.-H. (2007, July 6). In the age of the Internet, Korean shamans regain popularity. New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/06/world/asia/06iht-shaman.1.6527738.html.

4. Chung, S. (2022, November 23). The seed of Korean Christianity grew in the soil of shamanism. ChristianityToday.com. Retrieved March 1, 2023, from https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2022/november-web-only/korea-shamanism-christianity-pyongyang-revival.html.

5. Hong, K. S. (2015). Korean Shamanism: From Tradition To Change In the U.S. Diasporic Context. Ph.D. Dissertation for Drew Theological School (Drew University, NJ). 

6. Hwang, M. (2007). The Mudang: The Colonial Legacies of Korean Shamanism. In Han Kut: Critical Art and Writing by Korean Canadian Women, edited by The Korean Canadian Women's Anthology Collective. Pp 103-119.

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8. Kendall, L. (2010). Old Gods, New Times:  A Shaman Ritual in South Korea. Education About Asia. Volume 15:1.

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Abstract: To carry out detoxification and decolorization of industrial waste by using Laccase immobilized hydrogel beads which are activated by a carbodiimide, hydroxysuccininimide and carbodiimide and hydroxysuccininimide. In this paper, we have found the maximum activity % of the Laccase enzyme on hydrogel beads was observed at pH 6. Maximum activity% of the Laccase enzyme on hydrogel beads was observed at 45°C. It was observed enzyme activity and substrate concentration were directly proportional. It was observed that the enzyme activity% on the hydrogel beads maintained around 80% for
30 days for 30 days. Maximum activity% of the Laccase enzyme on hydrogel beads was observed at 80% and above for 5
usage. Laccase-immobilized hydrogel beads which are activated by a carbodiimide, hydroxysuccinimide, and both of them; can be used as an economic and alternative method for detoxification and decolorization of industrial waste. Our refining systems can be acceptable as the sustainable refining system. Our results are consistent with the results of the studies in the Literatures.

Keywords: Industrial waste, Laccase immobilized hydrogel beads, carbodiimide, enzyme activity, substrate concentration

References

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2. Bamforth, S.M., Singleton, I., “Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions”. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 80: 723–736, 2005.
3. Peppas, N.A., Ed. Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy; Wiley: New York, 1987.
4. Das, B., Dutta, S., Nayak, A.K., Nanda, U. (2014). Zinc alginate-carboxymethyl cashew gum microbeads for prolonged drug release: Development and optimization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 70, 506–515.
5. Yang, L., Shia, J., Zhoua, X., Cao, S. (2015). Hierarchically organization of biomineralized alginate beads for dualstimuli-responsive drug delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 73, 1–8.
6. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Syringaldazine
7. H. Uhr; B. Mielke; O. Exner; K. R. Payne; E. Hill (2013). "Biocides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi 1002/14356007.a16_563.pub2
8. Dominguez, A., Rodriguez, S., Sanroman, C. and MA. “Dye decolorization by Trametes hirsuta immobilized into Alginate beads”, World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology 21: 405–409, 2005.

Abstract: Metal corrosion in the US costs $2.5 trillion annually, which is equivalent to ~3.4% of the world’s gross domestic product. Implementing corrosion inhibition methods will result in global savings of 15-35% of that cost, or $375-875 billion. Kale extract could have the properties to minimize corrosion. This study will test the inhibition properties of kale extract on steel corrosion. To create the kale extract, kale leaves were dried in an incubator. They were ground into a fine powder and transferred into a flask, with the addition of 250 ml of water.  The mixture was heated until 50 ml evaporated,  then it was stored in a fridge for later use. The steel was cut into 6 sheets. 3 steel samples were kept for the experimental group and 3 steel samples were kept for the control group. The experimental group was submerged in the kale extract. All 6 steel pieces were submerged in hydrochloric acid. Mass and observations were taken daily. Over time the mass of the control group diminished faster than the experimental group. The corrosion rate was greater in the control group than the experimental group. These results demonstrate kale extract is an effective inhibitor for steel corrosion.

Keywords:  Brassica oleracea, steel corrosion, kale leaves

References

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